Consider the following statements.

1.India has a federal set-up and education is the concurrent responsibility of both the centre and the states.

2.After independence, education (including university education) was the responsibility of the states, while the centre was given the function of coordination and determination of standards.

3.Through the 42nd amendment in 1976, education was put in the concurrent list of the constitution, where the centre was given responsibilities along with the states for all levels of education.

A2 and 3

B1, 2 and 3 ✓ Correct

C1 and 3

D1 and 2

Correct answer: (B) 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

India's federal structure now places education on the Concurrent List as a shared centre-state responsibility, making Statement 1 correct.

After independence education, including university education, rested mainly with the states while the centre only coordinated and set standards, so Statement 2 is correct.

The 42nd Amendment of 1976 shifted education to the Concurrent List for all levels, giving the centre joint responsibility, so Statement 3 is correct.

All three statements together trace how education moved from a state subject to a shared one.

Entry 25 of the Concurrent List now governs education, subject to certain central entries on standards.

The Swaran Singh Committee's recommendations underlay this 1976 constitutional change.

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