Political Science · Political Theory
Consider the following statements regarding liberalism and choose the correct ones.
- 1. Liberalism as a developed ideology was a product of the breakdown of feudalism in Europe.
- 2. It is based on the doctrine of the divine rights of the king.
- 3. It puts the interests or goals of an individual before the interests of society as a whole or the state.
A1 and 2
B1 and 3 only ✓ Correct
C2 and 3 only
D2 only
Correct answer: (B) 1 and 3 only — Statements 1 and 3 are true while 2 is false, so the answer is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
★Statements 1 and 3 are true while 2 is false, so the answer is 1 and 3 only.
★Liberalism arose with the decline of feudalism and absolute monarchy in seventeenth century Europe, making statement 1 correct.
★Its core commitment is the primacy of the individual over society and state, which makes statement 3 correct.
★The divine right of kings is the absolutist doctrine that liberalism arose to oppose, so statement 2 is false.
★Liberal thinkers replaced divine right with consent, the social contract and limited government.
★John Locke argued that legitimate authority rests on the consent of the governed, not on a sacred monarch.
★This individualist and anti-absolutist origin is the foundation of all later liberal schools.
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