History · From State to Empire
UGC NET June 2020 History
Passage
The Superintendent of cattle should know about cattle looked after in return for a wage, tended with a tax and a fixed return, become useless and cast off, entered in the state herds by payment of a share, the total number of cattle in herds, cattle that are lost or have perished, and the total produce of milk and ghee. The cowherd, the buffalo-herdsman, the milker, the churner and the hunter should look after one hundred milch-cows, receiving a wage in cash; for if given a wage in milk and ghee, they might do harm to the calves. These are cattle looked after for a wage. One person should look after one hundred animals containing an equal number of aged cows, milch-cows, cows with young, cows with calf for the first time, and heifers. He should give eight varakas of ghee, one pana per animal and the hide with the mark, every year. This is tending with a tax and a fixed return. Herdsmen looking after one hundred animals divided into an equal number of cows that are diseased, that are crippled, that do not allow another person to milk them, that are difficult to milk and that kill their calves, should give a share appropriate to that class. These are cattle become useless and cast off.
For which of the following was there a payment in both kind and cash?
AThe milker and the churner
BThe second category of the responsibilities of the Superintendent ✓ Correct
CThe cattle that are lost or have perished
DHerdsmen looking after crippled cows
Correct answer: (B) The second category of the responsibilities of the Superintendent — The payment in both kind and cash was for the second category, so that is the answer.
Explanation
★The payment in both kind and cash was for the second category, so that is the answer.
★The second category is tending with a tax and a fixed return.
★For it the herdsman gives eight varakas of ghee, one pana per animal and the marked hide every year.
★The ghee and hide are payments in kind, while the pana is a payment in cash.
★So this category involved payment in both kind and cash.
★Thus the answer is the second category of the responsibilities of the Superintendent.
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