From the list given below, identify those which are called non-probability sampling procedures:

1.Simple random sampling

2.Dimensional sampling

3.Snowball sampling

4.Cluster sampling

5.Quota sampling

6.Stratified sampling

A1, 2 and 3

B2, 4 and 5

C1, 3 and 6

D2, 3 and 5 ✓ Correct

Correct answer: (D) 2, 3 and 5

Explanation

The non-probability procedures here are dimensional, snowball, and quota sampling, giving two, three and five.

Simple random sampling is a probability method, so statement one is excluded.

Cluster sampling is a probability method, so statement four is excluded.

Stratified sampling is a probability method, so statement six is excluded.

Dimensional sampling is an extension of quota sampling across several dimensions and is non-probability.

Snowball and quota sampling rely on referral or category filling rather than randomization.

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