Which of the following is a form of harm that might be suffered by research participants?

Physical injury, stress and anxiety, and impaired development are all forms of harm to participants.

Physical injury alone is only one of the three listed harms.

Stress and anxiety alone is only one of the three listed harms.

Impaired development alone is only one of the three listed harms.

Ethical review requires anticipating and minimizing every such potential harm.

Protection from harm is a core principle of research ethics.