Given below are two statements. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Both statements are true: in communication codes are never neutral in their reception, and codes always represent meaning in a way that reflects partiality.

Statement 1 holds because every code is read through the receiver's own values and context, so reception is always coloured rather than blank.

Statement 2 holds because codes carry preferred, ideologically loaded meanings, so they favour some readings over others and are never impartial.

The two claims fit together, one about the biased side of reception, the other about the biased side of representation.

Codes thus work at both ends, shaping the message as it is made and shaping it again as it is understood.

Stuart Hall's encoding decoding model shows how preferred meanings and unequal readings arise from exactly this partiality.