Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Assertion (A):As per Classical Indian School of Logic the argument "wherever there is fire, there is smoke" is fallacious.
Reason (R):In the above argument the middle term is non-exclusive.
ABoth A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
BBoth A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
CA is correct but R is not correct ✓ Correct
DA is not correct but R is correct
Correct answer: (C) A is correct but R is not correct
Explanation
The assertion is correct but the reason misnames the defect, so the assertion holds while the reason does not.
Fire can be present without smoke, as in a red-hot iron ball, so "wherever there is fire there is smoke" fails as a universal concomitance.
The genuine pervasion runs the other way, since smoke is pervaded by fire, not fire by smoke.
The flaw is therefore a wrongly stated invariable concomitance (vyapti), an over-wide universal claim.
That is not the same as a non-exclusive middle, so the reason does not correctly explain the assertion.
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