Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Assertion (A):Deductive reasoning is either invalid or valid.
Reason (R):A valid deductive argument that also has all true premises is called a sound argument.
ABoth A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
BBoth A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A ✓ Correct
CA is correct but R is not correct
DA is not correct but R is correct
Correct answer: (B) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
Explanation
Both statements are true but the second does not explain the first.
A deductive argument being either valid or invalid concerns the form linking premises to conclusion.
Soundness, defined in R, adds a further condition: validity plus all premises actually true.
This tells us what a good deductive argument is, not why validity and invalidity exhaust the possibilities.
Validity is about form; soundness about form together with true premises, so one cannot ground the other.
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