Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET December 2022 (22.02.2023) Shift-II
Given below are two statements. Statement I: According to the classical Indian school of logic, namely Nyaya, we ascertain the relation of universal concomitance between x and y by perceiving that in all cases the presence of x is accompanied by the presence of y, and not perceiving any instances to the contrary. Statement II: Classical Indian materialists argue that a universal relation between two events cannot be established, there being always room for doubt about the unobserved cases. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
- Statement I: According to Nyaya, universal concomitance between x and y is ascertained by perceiving that in all cases x is accompanied by y, with no contrary instances.
- Statement II: Classical Indian materialists argue that a universal relation between two events cannot be established, there being always room for doubt about unobserved cases.
ABoth Statement I and Statement II are true ✓ Correct
BBoth Statement I and Statement II are false
CStatement I is true but Statement II is false
DStatement I is false but Statement II is true
Correct answer: (A) Both Statement I and Statement II are true — Both statements are true, so the answer is that both Statement I and Statement II are true.
Explanation
★Both statements are true, so the answer is that both Statement I and Statement II are true.
★In Nyaya, universal concomitance is the invariable link between two things.
★It is ascertained by seeing x always accompanied by y with no counter-instance, so statement I is true.
★The Indian materialists, the Charvaka, doubted such universal links.
★They held that unobserved cases always leave room for doubt.
★So they argue a universal relation cannot be firmly established, making statement II true.
★Therefore both statements are true.
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