Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET December 2021 June 2022 (23.09.2022) Shift-II
Given below are two statements. Statement I: Classical Indian logicians (Naiyayikas) define Upamana (comparison) as the cognition of a new object through similarity, known by another means of cognition. Statement II: Naiyayikas consider Upamana as a type of inductive reasoning and therefore view it as a type of inference (anumana) only. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
- Statement I: Naiyayikas define Upamana as the cognition of a new object through similarity, known by another means of cognition.
- Statement II: Naiyayikas consider Upamana a type of inductive reasoning and so view it as only a type of inference.
ABoth Statement I and Statement II are correct
BBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
CStatement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect ✓ Correct
DStatement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
Correct answer: (C) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect — The answer is that Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
Explanation
★The answer is that Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
★The Naiyayikas do define Upamana as knowing a new object through similarity, so Statement I is correct.
★They treat Upamana as a separate, valid means of knowledge, not merely as a kind of inference.
★So the claim that they see it as only a type of inference makes Statement II incorrect.
★Upamana stands as its own pramana alongside inference.
★Thus only the first statement is correct.
★So the answer is that Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
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