Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET June 2023 (22.06.2023) Shift-II
Given below are two statements. Statement I: Inductive arguments can be invalid or valid. Statement II: A strong inductive argument that has all true premises is called a cogent argument. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
- Statement I: Inductive arguments can be invalid or valid.
- Statement II: A strong inductive argument that has all true premises is called a cogent argument.
ABoth Statement I and Statement II are correct
BBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
CStatement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
DStatement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct — Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct, so the answer is Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
Explanation
★Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct, so the answer is Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
★Valid and invalid are terms used to judge deductive arguments.
★Inductive arguments are judged as strong or weak, not valid or invalid.
★So statement I misapplies these terms and is incorrect.
★A strong inductive argument makes its conclusion probable given the premises.
★When such a strong argument also has all true premises it is called cogent.
★So statement II is correct, while statement I is incorrect.
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