Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
'If it rains, then the drought will end. The drought has ended. Therefore, it rained.' This commits which kind of fallacy?
AFormal fallacy ✓ Correct
BInductive fallacy
CAbductive fallacy
DInformal fallacy
Correct answer: (A) Formal fallacy — This is a formal fallacy, namely affirming the consequent, so that is the answer.
Explanation
★This is a formal fallacy, namely affirming the consequent, so that is the answer.
★The argument has the form: if P then Q; Q; therefore P.
★Affirming the consequent Q does not establish the antecedent P.
★The drought could have ended for some other reason than rain.
★Because the flaw lies in the argument's form, it is a formal fallacy.
★So the answer is a formal fallacy.
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