In which teaching method is the learner's participation made optimal and proactive?

Learner participation is made optimal and proactive in the project method, where students plan and carry out a purposeful task themselves.

They choose, design, execute and evaluate the project, taking active charge of their own learning.

The discussion method engages learners well but keeps activity mostly verbal rather than fully hands on.

The buzz session breaks the class into small groups for brief talk, giving limited, short lived involvement.

The brainstorming session gathers many ideas quickly but centres on idea generation, not sustained proactive work.

The project method comes from William Kilpatrick, built on Dewey's principle of purposeful learning by doing.