Political Science · Western Political Thought
UGC NET January 2017 Political Science
Match the List I (Aristotle's theory of causation) with List II (Explanations) and select the correct answer from the codes given below.
List I
- I. The efficient cause
- II. The final cause
- III. The material cause
- IV. The formal cause
List II
- a. The substance and essence of the thing
- b. Matter of which it is composed
- c. The purpose towards which the movement is directed
- d. The cause of motion
AI-c, II-b, III-a, IV-d
BI-d, II-c, III-b, IV-a ✓ Correct
CI-c, II-d, III-a, IV-b
DI-b, II-a, III-d, IV-c
Correct answer: (B) I-d, II-c, III-b, IV-a — The correct matching pairs the efficient cause with the cause of motion, the final cause with purpose, the material cause with matter, and the formal cause with essence, so the…
Explanation
★The correct matching pairs the efficient cause with the cause of motion, the final cause with purpose, the material cause with matter, and the formal cause with essence, so the answer is I-d, II-c, III-b, IV-a.
★Aristotle's doctrine of the four causes explains why a thing is what it is, set out in his Physics and Metaphysics.
★The efficient cause is the agent that brings something about, as the sculptor shapes a statue or the father begets a child.
★The material cause is the stuff a thing is made of, such as the bronze of a statue, while the formal cause is its defining form or essence.
★The final cause, the telos, is the purpose for which a thing exists, and Aristotle treats it as the primary cause in his teleological view.
★This teleology carries into his politics, where the state exists for the final end of the good life and everything in nature seeks its proper end.
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