Statements: All branches are flowers. All flowers are trees. Which of the given conclusions follow?

1.All branches are trees

2.All trees are branches

3.All flowers are branches

4.Some trees are branches

AOnly 1 and 4 follow ✓ Correct

BOnly 2 and 3 follow

CAll follow

DNone follows

Correct answer: (A) Only 1 and 4 follow

Explanation

Conclusions 1 and 4 follow, while 2 and 3 do not.

'All branches are flowers' and 'all flowers are trees' chain to 'all branches are trees', giving 1.

That universal converts to 'some trees are branches', giving 4.

'All trees are branches' and 'all flowers are branches' reverse the universals.

Such reversals of a universal affirmative are not valid.

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