Paper 1 · Research Aptitude
The essence of the experimental method is
AThe correct calculation of Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation
BObtaining direct reports from subjects about their subjective experience
CCareful measurement and record keeping
DUsing control to identify cause-and-effect connections ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) Using control to identify cause-and-effect connections — The essence of the experimental method is using control to identify cause-and-effect connections, so that is the answer.
Explanation
★The essence of the experimental method is using control to identify cause-and-effect connections, so that is the answer.
★The experiment manipulates one factor while holding other conditions constant.
★This control lets the researcher be sure that the change in the effect really comes from the manipulated cause.
★Calculating a correlation coefficient measures association, not the controlled testing of cause.
★Obtaining subjective reports is an interview technique, not the core of experiment.
★Careful measurement is important in all research, so the special essence of the experiment is control to reveal cause and effect.
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