Paper 1 · Research Aptitude
The study in which investigators attempt to trace an effect back to its cause is known as
ASurvey research
BEx post facto research ✓ Correct
CHistorical research
DSummative research
Correct answer: (B) Ex post facto research — Tracing an existing effect back to its cause is ex post facto research, so that is the answer.
Explanation
★Tracing an existing effect back to its cause is ex post facto research, so that is the answer.
★Ex post facto means 'after the fact', so the effect has already occurred before the study begins.
★So the investigator works backward from the effect to search for its likely cause.
★Survey research gathers current information from a sample, not this backward causal tracing.
★Historical research studies past events broadly, not specifically tracing one effect to its cause.
★Summative research judges final outcomes, so tracing an effect to its cause is ex post facto research.
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