Paper 1 · Research Aptitude
The validity and reliability of a research will be at stake when
AThe incident is reported after a long period of time from its occurrence
BThe author who is a source of information is biased and incompetent
CThe researcher is not competent enough to draw logical conclusions
DAll of the above ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) All of the above — Validity and reliability are at stake in all the listed cases, so the answer is all of the above.
Explanation
★Validity and reliability are at stake in all the listed cases, so the answer is all of the above.
★When an incident is reported long after it happened, memory and record may be faulty.
★When the source author is biased and incompetent, the information itself is unreliable.
★When the researcher cannot draw logical conclusions, even good data may be misused.
★Each of these threatens the soundness and consistency of the research.
★Since every case weakens validity and reliability, all of them together are correct.
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