Toxic substances that damage the kidneys are called:

Substances that damage the kidneys are called nephrotoxic, from the root for kidney.

Such agents injure the filtering tubules and reduce kidney function.

Hematotoxic substances harm the blood and its forming tissues, not the kidneys.

Neurotoxic substances harm the nervous system and nerves.

Cytotoxic substances kill or damage cells in general.

Heavy metals like cadmium and lead are common nephrotoxic agents.