What is the correct order of risk assessment due to the exposure of some chemicals to humans?

1.Dose-response assessment

2.Exposure assessment

3.Risk characterization

4.Hazard identification

A1, 2, 3, 4

B4, 2, 3, 1

C3, 4, 1, 2

D4, 1, 2, 3 ✓ Correct

Correct answer: (D) 4, 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Risk assessment begins with hazard identification, which determines whether an agent is linked to particular health effects.

Dose-response assessment then quantifies the relationship between the level of exposure and the severity of the effect.

Exposure assessment measures the magnitude, frequency and duration of human contact with the agent.

Risk characterization comes last, integrating the earlier steps into an overall estimate of risk.

This makes the sequence hazard identification, then dose-response, then exposure, then characterization.

The framework was formalised by the US National Research Council for chemical risk analysis.

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