When a variable leads to a spurious interpretation of research results, it is called a

A variable that leads to a spurious interpretation of results is called a confounding variable.

It relates to both the independent and dependent variable and hides the true relationship between them.

A control variable is one deliberately held constant to prevent such distortion.

External variable is a loose term and not the precise label for this confusing influence.

Conflicting variable is not a recognised methodological term.

Randomisation and statistical control are the main ways to guard against confounding.