When an action or response that produces a pleasant or rewarding outcome is likely to be repeated, while responses that bring displeasure or pain are likely to weaken and fade, it is called

Responses that bring reward tend to be repeated while those bringing displeasure weaken, which is Thorndike's law of effect.

The law of effect links the strength of a response to the satisfaction or discomfort it produces.

Thorndike's law of exercise concerns strengthening through repetition and practice, not consequences.

Choosing both laws wrongly attaches the exercise law to a purely consequence-based statement.

Choosing none of the above ignores that the description exactly defines the law of effect.

Thorndike derived these laws from his puzzle-box experiments with cats, a form of trial-and-error learning.