The idea that knowledge comes from experience is

The idea that knowledge comes from experience is empiricism.

Rationalism holds that knowledge comes chiefly from reason rather than sensory experience.

Deductive reasoning moves from general premises to a specific conclusion.

Logic is the formal study of valid reasoning, not a source of knowledge from experience.

Empiricism underlies the observational, evidence based method of science.

Locke, Berkeley and Hume are leading empiricist philosophers.