'When competent readers encounter new sentences in their native language, they read them automatically.' This is an example of _______ learning.

Reading new sentences automatically is low-road transfer, an effortless spontaneous application of a well-practised skill.

High-road transfer (A) requires deliberate, conscious abstraction.

Near transfer (B) refers to similarity of contexts, not automaticity.

Far transfer (D) applies a skill to a distant, dissimilar context.

Low-road transfer arises from extensive practice until the skill runs automatically.

Perkins and Salomon distinguished low-road from high-road transfer.