When it comes to data arrangement, qualitative research must guard against the error of

In arranging qualitative data the researcher must guard against segregation, which splits interconnected material into isolated fragments and destroys its context.

Reduction is a normal analytic step of condensing data, not the error to be avoided here.

Expansion is not a recognised data-arrangement fault in qualitative work.

Control describes managing variables in experiments, not organising qualitative accounts.

Qualitative analysis values holistic meaning, and pulling data apart loses the relationships between elements.

Keeping data situated within its narrative preserves the depth qualitative research seeks.