Which among the following would be the ethical issues in a research study that involves participation of human subjects?

Lack of informed consent, physical or psychological harm, and excessive inducements are genuine ethical problems.

Informed consent protects participants' right to decide freely whether to take part.

Avoiding harm, physical or psychological, is a core duty owed to human subjects.

Excessive inducements are unethical because they can coerce participation against free judgement.

Debriefing is not a violation but a safeguard, explaining the study to participants afterwards.

Voluntary participation and confidentiality are further pillars of research ethics.