Which higher-order knowledge can make the difference between how well and how quickly one's students learn material?

Metacognition is the higher-order knowledge that shapes how well and how quickly students learn material.

Declarative knowledge (A) is knowing facts, not regulating one's own learning.

Rote knowledge (B) is mechanical memorisation without understanding.

Procedural knowledge (D) is knowing how to perform steps, not monitoring cognition.

Metacognition covers knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition.

Its skills include planning, monitoring and evaluating one's own learning.