Paper 1 · Research Aptitude
Which method is most directly associated with a lack of informed consent?
AIn-depth interviewing
BContent analysis
CCovert observation ✓ Correct
DCase study
Correct answer: (C) Covert observation — Covert observation is most directly associated with a lack of informed consent, so that is the answer.
Explanation
★Covert observation is most directly associated with a lack of informed consent, so that is the answer.
★Informed consent means participants know they are being studied and agree to it.
★In covert observation the researcher watches people secretly, so they cannot give consent.
★So covert observation directly removes the chance of informed consent.
★In-depth interviewing openly involves the respondent, who has consented to take part.
★Content analysis studies existing texts and a case study is usually done openly, so covert observation lacks informed consent.
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