Which of the following are ethical principles in research?

1.Respect for participants

2.Informed consent

3.Justice for participants

4.Voluntary deception

5.Coercive consent

A1, 2 & 3 only ✓ Correct

B2, 3 & 4 only

C3, 4 & 5 only

D1, 4 & 5 only

Correct answer: (A) 1, 2 & 3 only

Explanation

Recognised ethical principles include respect for participants, informed consent and justice for participants.

Respect protects the dignity and autonomy of those studied.

Informed consent ensures voluntary and well-understood participation.

Voluntary deception violates honesty and is not an ethical principle.

Coercive consent is a contradiction because coercion negates true consent.

Beneficence, adding benefit while avoiding harm, is a further core principle.

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