Which of the following are TRUE:

1.For the Cārvāka, patyakṣa is the only pramāṇa.

2.For the Cārvāka, śabda is the only pramāṇa.

3.For the Cārvāka, anumāna is not a pramāṇa.

4.For the Jaina, Mati includes both perceptual and inferential knowledge.

A1 & 3 only

B2 & 3 only

C1 & 2 only

D1, 3 & 4 only ✓ Correct

Correct answer: (D) 1, 3 & 4 only

Explanation

Statements 1, 3 and 4 are true, while Statement 2 is false.

Statement 1 is true, since the Carvaka admits perception (pratyaksha) as the only valid source of knowledge.

Statement 2 is false, because the Carvaka does not treat verbal testimony (shabda) as a pramana at all.

Statement 3 is true, as the Carvaka rejects inference (anumana) as a means of valid knowledge.

Statement 4 is true, for in Jaina epistemology mati-jnana covers both sense-born and inferential knowledge.

So the correct set is the first, third and fourth.

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