Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET June 2023 (17.06.2023) Shift-I
Which of the following arguments commits the fallacy of the contradicted middle, such that the middle term, instead of being pervaded by the presence of the major term, is pervaded by the absence of the major term?
AAll things are non-eternal because they are knowable.
BSound is a quality because it is visible.
CFire is cold because it is a substance.
DSound is eternal because it is produced. ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) Sound is eternal because it is produced. — The argument sound is eternal because it is produced commits this fallacy, so the answer is that option.
Explanation
★The argument sound is eternal because it is produced commits this fallacy, so the answer is that option.
★The fallacy of the contradicted middle is the viruddha or contradictory reason in Nyaya.
★In it the middle term proves the opposite of the intended conclusion.
★Being produced is invariably tied to being non-eternal, not eternal.
★So the reason produced is pervaded by the absence of eternity, the major term.
★It therefore proves non-eternity while the conclusion claims eternity, which is the contradiction.
★The other options illustrate different fallacies, such as an unproved or contradicted-by-perception reason.
Want more like this? Create a free account to practise a full test, track your progress, and get spaced-repetition review.
Shared by Mcqkart · via Mcqkart.in