Paper 1 · Research Aptitude
Which of the following is an example of a directional hypothesis?
AThere will be a difference between the students' reading levels
BThere will be a difference between lecture and group instruction
CGroup instruction is more effective than lecture in the elementary classroom ✓ Correct
DThere will be some change in learning
Correct answer: (C) Group instruction is more effective than lecture in the elementary classroom — A directional hypothesis names the expected direction, so 'group instruction is more effective than lecture' is the answer.
Explanation
★A directional hypothesis names the expected direction, so 'group instruction is more effective than lecture' is the answer.
★A directional hypothesis states not just that there is a difference but which way it goes.
★Saying group instruction is more effective than lecture predicts the specific direction of the difference.
★Saying only that there will be a difference in reading levels does not name a direction.
★Saying only that there will be a difference between lecture and group instruction is likewise non-directional.
★Saying there will be some change gives no direction, so the directional hypothesis is that group instruction is more effective than lecture.
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