Which of the following is/are the main challenge(s) in ICT adoption in Indian universities?

All of these are main challenges, namely weak technological readiness, poor implementation and the language barrier.

Lack of technological readiness alone is only one part of the problem.

Poor implementation of ICT initiatives is a second distinct challenge.

The linguistic barrier is a further obstacle in a multilingual country.

Together these factors slow the spread of ICT across universities.

Overcoming them needs infrastructure, training and local language content.