Which of the following is the driving force for students' commitment, engagement and persistence in self-directed learning?

Motivation is the driving force behind commitment, engagement and persistence in self-directed learning.

Fixation (A) is a fixed, arrested response, not a driving force.

Metacognition (C) is awareness of one's own thinking, not the drive itself.

Assessment (D) measures learning rather than fuelling it.

Intrinsic motivation especially sustains independent, self-paced study.

Malcolm Knowles linked self-directed learning to adult learners' internal drive.