Which of the following should be considered the two fundamental requirements for inference?

1.Awareness of paksadharmata, the inferential mark qualifying the locus of the inference

2.Vyapti, the sign's invariable concomitance with the target property or probandum

3.Hetvabhasa

A1 and 2 ✓ Correct

B2 and 3

C1 and 3

DNone of the above

Correct answer: (A) 1 and 2

Explanation

The two fundamental requirements are paksadharmata and vyapti.

Paksadharmata is the presence of the inferential mark in the locus of inference.

The reason, such as smoke, must actually qualify the subject, the hill.

Vyapti is the mark's invariable concomitance with the probandum.

Smoke must be universally accompanied by fire for the inference to hold.

Hetvabhasa is a fallacy of inference, not a requirement for it.

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