Political Science · International Relations
UGC NET August 2024 Political Science
Which of the following statements are associated with the theory of international Realism? Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
- 1. Domestic politics is characterised by hierarchy and international politics by anarchy
- 2. Power is both means and end
- 3. Believes in relative gain rather than absolute gain
- 4. Anarchy is what states make of it
- 5. Like all politics, international politics is the struggle for power
A1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
B1, 2, 3 & 4 only
C1, 2 & 3 only
D1, 2, 3 & 5 only ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 & 5 only — The statements that fit realism are 1, 2, 3 and 5, so the answer is 1, 2, 3 and 5 only.
Explanation
★The statements that fit realism are 1, 2, 3 and 5, so the answer is 1, 2, 3 and 5 only.
★Realism holds that domestic politics is hierarchic while international politics is anarchic.
★For realists power is both a means to security and an end that states pursue.
★Realism stresses relative gains, since states watch their power against rivals.
★In Morgenthau's words, realism sees international politics as a struggle for power.
★Statement 4, that anarchy is what states make of it, is the constructivist claim of Alexander Wendt.
★Constructivists treat the meaning of anarchy as socially constructed, not fixed.
★So statement 4 belongs to constructivism rather than realism.
★The clash between realism and constructivism over anarchy is a standard exam theme.
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