Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET December 2023 (19.12.2023) Shift-II
Which of the following statements are contradictory to each other? Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
- 1. All plants are fungi
- 2. No plants are fungi
- 3. Some plants are not fungi
- 4. Some plants are fungi
A2 and 4 only ✓ Correct
B1 and 2 only
C3 and 4 only
D1 and 4 only
Correct answer: (A) 2 and 4 only — The contradictory pair is no plants are fungi and some plants are fungi, so the answer is 2 and 4.
Explanation
★The contradictory pair is no plants are fungi and some plants are fungi, so the answer is 2 and 4.
★In logic, contradictories cannot both be true and cannot both be false.
★All plants are fungi is the universal affirmative, type A.
★No plants are fungi is the universal negative, type E.
★Some plants are fungi is the particular affirmative, type I, which contradicts E.
★Some plants are not fungi is the particular negative, type O, which contradicts A.
★The true contradictory pairs are A with O and E with I, so here E and I, that is 2 and 4.
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