Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET June 2023 (14.06.2023) Shift-II
Which of the following statements are so related that they can neither both be true nor can they both be false together?
- No saints are materialists
- All saints are materialists
- Some saints are not materialists
- Some saints are materialists
A1 & 3 only
B2 & 4 only
C1 & 4 only ✓ Correct
D3 & 4 only
Correct answer: (C) 1 & 4 only — Statements 1 and 4 are contradictories, so the answer is 1 and 4.
Explanation
★Statements 1 and 4 are contradictories, so the answer is 1 and 4.
★Two statements are contradictory when they can neither both be true nor both be false.
★No saints are materialists is the universal negative E proposition.
★Some saints are materialists is the particular affirmative I proposition.
★The E and I propositions on the same terms are exact contradictories.
★So if one is true the other must be false, and they can never share a truth value.
★The A and O pair, all saints are materialists and some saints are not, are the other contradictory pair.
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