Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET June 2023 (14.06.2023) Shift-II
Which of the following statements is logically equivalent to the statement No saints are materialists?
ANo materialists are saints ✓ Correct
BSome materialists are saints
CAll non-materialists are non-saints
DSome non-materialists are non-saints
Correct answer: (A) No materialists are saints — The equivalent statement is no materialists are saints, so the answer is no materialists are saints.
Explanation
★The equivalent statement is no materialists are saints, so the answer is no materialists are saints.
★No saints are materialists is the universal negative E proposition.
★An E proposition can be converted simply by swapping its subject and predicate.
★Converting no saints are materialists gives no materialists are saints.
★Both statements deny any overlap between saints and materialists, so they are logically equivalent.
★This swap works for E propositions because the denial of overlap is symmetric between the two classes.
★The other options change quantity or terms and so are not equivalent to the original.
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