Which of the following statements are true in the context of hedges in relation to emoticons?

1.Hedges are pragmatic values that modify the speech act, not the logical form of the utterance

2.Hedges are referred to as a direct modification of propositional content

3.Hedges may be divided into strengtheners and softeners

4.Hedges indicate something about the speaker's commitment to what is being said, and so modify the illocutionary force

A1, 2 and 3

B2, 3 and 4

C1, 2, 3 and 4 ✓ Correct

D1, 3 and 4

Correct answer: (C) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Explanation

Hedges are pragmatic values that modify the speech act, not the logical form of the utterance, which is accurate.

They are equally described as a direct modification of propositional content, another correct reading.

They divide into strengtheners that emphasise propositional content and softeners that weaken it.

They indicate the speaker's commitment to what is being said and thereby modify the illocutionary force.

All four descriptions of hedging hold true together.

Emoticons carry this hedging role online, tempering or intensifying a written message.

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