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Which of the following statements are true in the context of the ancient education system in India?

1.The Jataka tales and the records of Chinese scholars Xuan Zang and I-Qing showed that kings and society took active interest in promoting education.

2.The universities at Takshashila, Nalanda, Valabhi, Vikramshila, Odantapuri and Jagaddala developed in connection with the viharas.

3.The universities at Benaras, Navadeep and Kanchi developed in connection with temples and became centres of community life.

A1 and 2

B2 and 3

C1, 2 and 3 ✓ Correct

D1 and 3

Correct answer: (C) 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

All three statements ring true, on royal interest in learning, on universities linked to viharas, and on temple-linked centres of study.

Statement 1 is right, the Jataka tales and the records of Xuan Zang and I-Qing showing kings and society backing education.

Statement 2 is right, seats such as Takshashila, Nalanda, Valabhi, Vikramshila, Odantapuri and Jagaddala growing around viharas.

Statement 3 is right, Benaras, Navadeep and Kanchi developing around temples as hubs of community life.

The pattern shows learning nourished by both monastic and temple institutions.

Chinese pilgrims' travel records remain a key source for this history.

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