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Which of the following statements is logically fallacious, as per the classical Indian school of logic, because the middle term is non-exclusive?

AThe hill has fire because it is knowable
BSound is eternal because it is audible
CFire is cold because it is a substance
DAll things are non-eternal because they are knowable ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) All things are non-eternal because they are knowable
Explanation

The faulty argument is that all things are non-eternal because they are knowable.

Here the subject is everything whatever, so knowability belongs to the entire field without exception.

A middle that is present everywhere excludes nothing and leaves no negative case where it is absent.

Without any instance from which the reason is excluded, no invariable tie to the predicate can be fixed.

A reason so all-embracing that it excludes nothing is the non-exclusive, inconclusive middle.

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