Which of the following teaching methods do NOT represent modern and ICT-based teaching? Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Reading aloud and memorizing, statement 1, is a traditional rote method with no technology involved.

The chalk and talk method, statement 4, is the classic lecture at a blackboard, again not ICT-based.

The flipped class, statement 2, is a modern approach where learners study content online before class.

A mind map, statement 3, is often built with digital tools to organise ideas visually.

Gamification, statement 5, uses game elements and software to make learning engaging.

Modern methods shift the teacher from a lone speaker to a facilitator using digital media.