History · Sources of Modern Indian History
UGC NET December 2019 History
Passage
The revolt of 1857 was much more than a mere product of sepoy discontent. It was in reality a product of accumulated grievances against the Company's administration, a popular discontent and hatred against foreign rule. The most important cause was economic exploitation, the complete destruction of its traditional economic fabric, the impoverishment of the vast mass of peasants, artisans and handicraftsmen, as also a large number of traditional zamindars and chiefs. As a result of the British land and revenue policies and the system of judicial administration, a large number of peasant proprietors lost their land to traders and moneylenders and found themselves in utter debt. The complex judicial system enabled the rich to oppress the poor, and the growing poverty made them desperate. The middle and upper classes suffered by their exclusion from higher positions in the administration. Besides, Lord Dalhousie's policy of annexation of native states by applying the 'Doctrine of Lapse' was widely resented. Lastly, the conversion activities of the Christian missionaries created fear and suspicion among the general public.
Which one of the following states was not annexed under the 'Doctrine of Lapse'?
AUdaipur
BBaghat
CSambalpur
DAwadh ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) Awadh — Awadh was not annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse, so the answer is Awadh.
Explanation
★Awadh was not annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse, so the answer is Awadh.
★The Doctrine of Lapse was followed by Lord Dalhousie to annex states of heirless kings.
★Satara, Nagpur, Jhansi, Sambalpur, Baghat and Udaipur were annexed under it.
★Awadh, however, was annexed in 1856 on the charge of misgovernment, not under the Doctrine of Lapse.
★So Awadh stands apart from the states taken under that doctrine.
★Thus the state not annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse was Awadh.
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