_____ is the assessment which may also be seen as informal.

Formative assessment is the one that may also be seen as informal, since it happens during learning to guide it rather than to grade it formally.

It gives ongoing feedback through classroom questions, observation and short checks.

Summative assessment is formal, judging final achievement at the end of a course or term.

Subject reviews assessment is a periodic institutional appraisal, not an informal classroom check.

Observation assessment is a technique, not the broad category the blank calls for here.

Scriven distinguished formative from summative evaluation, a contrast later applied widely to classroom assessment.