Paper 1 · Research Aptitude
A researcher conducted three experiments with 100 subjects each, following a uniform design, instead of one experiment with 300 subjects. This is known as
AReplication
BManipulation
CObservation
DValidation ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) Validation — Running three uniform experiments instead of one to confirm the result is known here as validation, so that is the answer.
Explanation
★Running three uniform experiments instead of one to confirm the result is known here as validation, so that is the answer.
★Repeating the study under a uniform design lets the researcher check whether the same result recurs.
★So doing three separate experiments to confirm the finding serves to validate the result.
★Manipulation is the changing of the independent variable within a single experiment, not this repeating.
★Observation is the watching and recording of outcomes, not the running of repeated experiments.
★So among these, repeating the study three times to confirm the finding is treated as validation.
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