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Identify the correct sequence of steps in the research process as identified by David Nachmias, and choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1.Research design
2.Data collection
3.Formulation of hypothesis
4.Data analysis and generalisation
5.Problem identification
A1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B2, 3, 4, 5, 1
C3, 4, 5, 1, 2
D5, 3, 1, 2, 4 ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) 5, 3, 1, 2, 4
Explanation

Nachmias's order runs problem identification, then hypothesis, then research design, then data collection, then analysis and generalisation.

Problem identification, numbered five, opens the process by defining what is to be studied.

Formulation of hypothesis, numbered three, follows, proposing a testable expected relationship.

Research design, numbered one, then plans how evidence will be gathered, and data collection, numbered two, executes it.

Data analysis and generalisation, numbered four, closes the cycle by interpreting findings and drawing conclusions.

This scientific cycle is iterative, as new problems arise from each generalisation.

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