According to Nyaya, the classical Indian school of logic, which of the following arguments involves the fallacy of Anupasamhari, the non-exclusive middle term?
AThe hill has smoke because it has fire
BSound is eternal because it is audible
CAll things are non-eternal because they are knowable ✓ Correct
DSound is eternal because it is produced
Correct answer: (C) All things are non-eternal because they are knowable
Explanation
All things are non-eternal because they are knowable involves the anupasamhari fallacy.
The subject here is all things, so nothing lies outside the paksha.
With no positive or negative instances left beyond the subject, no comparison is possible.
The middle knowable then has no sapaksa or vipaksa to fix its concomitance.
A middle whose class is all-inclusive and non-exclusive is the anupasamhari hetvabhasa.
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