An analysis of the subject's life for meaning has the focus of

Analysing a subject's life for its meaning is the focus of phenomenology, the study of lived experience as consciously perceived.

It seeks the essence of how people make sense of their world from a first person view.

Structuralism looks for hidden underlying structures rather than personal meaning.

Pragmatism judges ideas by their practical consequences rather than lived essence.

Sociology studies society broadly and is a discipline, not this specific focus on meaning.

Edmund Husserl founded phenomenology in the early twentieth century.