Arrange the different stages involved in the process of deduction in the correct sequence. Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

1.Revision of theory

2.Hypothesis confirmed or rejected

3.Findings

4.Data collection

A1, 2, 4, 3

B4, 3, 2, 1 ✓ Correct

C1, 3, 2, 4

D2, 4, 1, 3

Correct answer: (B) 4, 3, 2, 1

Explanation

The correct deductive sequence here is data collection, findings, hypothesis confirmed or rejected, then revision of theory, giving 4, 3, 2, 1.

Deduction begins from theory and a derived hypothesis before gathering data.

Data collection precedes the reporting of findings.

Findings then determine whether the hypothesis is confirmed or rejected.

Revision of theory is the final loop-back step in the deductive process.

This ordering reflects Bryman's classic model of deductive research.

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